If you ask consultants about the least favorite part of their jobs, proposal writing usually ranks in the top three. Drafting a proposal can be an unpleasant task for many reasons: it can seem impersonal and one-sided, you often don’t have as much information about the project as you’d like and pitching yourself in writing can feel uncomfortable.

But there are consultants who have learned to love the task. The act of writing a proposal forces them to slow down and pay attention: to internalize the needs of the project and determine whether they are the right fit. The proposal also becomes a launch pad for a meaningful discussion with the client and ensures alignment between client and consultant before the real work starts. Finally, for consultants who don’t have extensive networks or a readily recognizable brand, a thoughtfully crafted proposal becomes the opening that invites a second look from a high profile.

At Catalyst:Ed, a platform that connects education organizations with vetted experts for short-term, mission-critical projects, we’ve come to appreciate the power of a well-crafted proposal. It’s part science, part art. And we’ve put together this quick primer – gleaned from our collective experiences – on proposals for the newly-minted and still-hesitant among you.

THE INGREDIENTS

Request for Proposals or RFPs (also known as project scopes in Catalyst:Ed lingo) typically ask for some variation of the following:

• Proposed approach and work plan
• Capability statement
• Budget and payment schedule

While these terms can sound officious and intimidating, they essentially translate into a description of three things:

1. How do you intend to tackle the project requirements and by when
2. Why you’re the right fit for the project as evidenced by the skills and experiences that you (and your team) bring to the table
3. What you’d like to get paid for your work and when

Putting these elements down on paper is good discipline. Even if the client and you have a long-standing relationship and you’re asked to do this “one quick project”, it’s probably a good idea for you to follow this structure and put down your thoughts before you get started on the work.

PUTTING IT TOGETHER

So let’s say you’ve decided to take the plunge and write out the proposal. What are some things you need to keep in mind that can maximize your chances of being selected?

Gauge your fit: This seems pretty obvious, but is worth repeating. Look at what the project is seeking. Ask whether (a) you’re interested, (b) you’re available and (c) you have most of the required skills and experiences. Note that we say, most, not all. Like job descriptions, proposal requirements sometimes include nice-to-have qualifications as well. It might be well worth it for you to respond to an RFP as long as you can check off most of the boxes.

Respond to the RFP you have, not the one you’d like: Far too often, clients reject proposals because they feel the consultants “just didn’t get it”. So here’s a tip: Read the RFP. Reflect. Repeat. Then, when you are ready to draft your proposal, (a) make sure you’re providing all requested components, (b) proposal an approach that makes sense given the task at hand and (c) underscore skills and experiences you have that are directly relevant to the project and show that you’ve worked with similar organizations before.

Research the organization: A quick Google search can often reveal a lot about the organization, its leadership and its driving philosophy as well as any larger challenges that it might be facing. These, in turn, can help you understand the “why” behind the project, gauge your own fit and tailor your proposal to what the client’s looking for.

Chunk it up: Break up large, complex projects into manageable phases, each with its own associated tasks, timeline, deliverable and budget. Thus, a strategic planning project might be divided into three phases:

Chunking up projects offers several advantages: First, it makes it clearer to the client and to you how the work will get accomplished. Second, the mid-project milestones create opportunities to review progress, realign expectations and – when things go well – create a sense of momentum.

Pull together the right team: The pros know that consulting is sometimes best played as a team sport. More complex projects, in particular, may require a mix of skills and experiences – and even if you’re an independent consultant, it might be a good idea to pull together a team to be competitive. At Catalyst:Ed, for instance, we introduced an evaluation expert to an early childhood expert for an impact evaluation of an early childhood program. Individually, they were competent, but together, they made a dream team. When looking at the project requirements, think about what you bring to the table – and then think about who else you might partner with so that as a team, you bring the full set of capabilities needed to drive a project to success.

Aim for a price in the right ballpark: Pricing is a whole other topic that we’ll delve into in another blog post. But here are some quick guidelines:

• Ask yourself “What will it take for me to get the work done”. This will involve some measure of breaking the work down into specific tasks and estimating how much time each task will take. Multiply total hours by your hourly rate to get to your desired budget.
• Ask yourself “How much will the organization be willing to pay for this work”. Sometimes, you might find this information in the RFP (about 50% of the scopes we create at Catalyst:Ed have an estimated budget range associated with them). If the info is not readily available, substitute research and common sense. True story: A nonprofit with an annual budget of $750,000 received a proposal for a strategic planning project with a budget of $125,000. Needless to say, the client did not select the option, and reached out instead to Catalyst:Ed to source other, more reasonably priced options.
• Find a balance between your desired budget and the client’s feasible budget. You can do this by paring down the scope of work – maybe do one workshop instead of two or substitute a survey for full-length interviews. Or you can offer a discount on your usual hourly rate. Or you can bring in someone at a junior level and outsource some of the more mundane tasks (scheduling!) for a lower price.
• Finally, don’t worry about offering the lowest price. In 9 cases out of 10, we have seen the client picking the option who offers the best value rather than the option who offers the lowest price. Organizations are savvy and care about the quality that they are getting. Instead, offer the price at which you are prepared to do the work.

Tap into your enthusiasm: Clients can usually zero in on proposals where the consultant is truly excited about the opportunity to work on the project. It might be the thoughtfulness that has gone into the crafting of the proposal. It might be the passion for and knowledge of the domain area. Or it might be the additional suggestions that expand the potential impact of the project. I wouldn’t recommend faking the enthusiasm – it’s too much work! – but if you’re genuinely excited about a project, don’t be afraid to let it show.

THE “FIXINGS”

What about the format? Here are a few quick thoughts:

• We’ve seen folks submit documents and presentations. In general, documents work better. They leave less open to (mis)interpretation.
• Use formatting (bullets, bolds, italics) to enable easy reading. But please use your judgment. Too much formatting can be a distraction. And please avoid the urge to bold, italicize and underline the same sentence.
• Tables, graphics, etc. are nice-to-haves, not must-haves, so include them depending on your own skill and the project requirement. Having said that, if you specialize in a specific area, it might be worthwhile to invest some time in developing a simple graphic that demonstrates your expertise.
• Although cover pages are by no means necessary, please do include the following in your document: the project name, the client name (assuming it’s not hidden) and your name.
• If you plan to include lots of acronyms, a list upfront is always appreciated.
• For page length, use the guidance in the RFP. In general, shorter, simpler projects (<$10,000) should rarely require proposals of more than a page or two. More complex projects may require proposals of about 5-10 pages (although at Catalyst:Ed, we rarely recommend proposals of longer than 5 pages). For multi-million dollar projects at the state or federal level, the 50-page limit is often the norm.

Investments, and not expenditures
One reason why consultants don’t like proposals is because time spent on crafting one can often feel like it’s “wasted”. It’s not billable, and there’s no guarantee that you’ll get selected.

But there’s another way of thinking about it. A veteran consultant in our network thinks of proposals as investments and not as expenditures. “I’m building my own infrastructure and creating equity,” she says. “Each time I draft a proposal, I’m creating content that can be re-purposed for other similar proposals. I’m also investing in my brand and building networks. For new-to-me organizations and people, in particular, it becomes an invitation to a conversation and the start of a relationship that will hopefully continue, regardless of whether or not I am engaged on this particular project.”